<p begin="00:00:07.406" end="00:00:09.088" region="r2" style="s2">
- [Voiceover] A linear array transducer XY</p>
<p begin="00:00:09.088" end="00:00:11.948" region="r3" style="s2">
with a musculoskeletal exam<br />
type is used to perform</p>
<p begin="00:00:11.948" end="00:00:14.818" region="r4" style="s2">
an ultrasound examination of the tibia.</p>
<p begin="00:00:14.818" end="00:00:17.295" region="r5" style="s2">
The patient is in a supine position.</p>
<p begin="00:00:17.295" end="00:00:19.586" region="r4" style="s2">
The transducer is placed longitudinally</p>
<p begin="00:00:19.586" end="00:00:22.440" region="r3" style="s2">
over the lateral joint line<br />
with the orientation marker</p>
<p begin="00:00:22.440" end="00:00:24.736" region="r6" style="s2">
directed to the patient's head.</p>
<p begin="00:00:24.736" end="00:00:26.951" region="r7" style="s2">
The bright hyperechoic distal femur</p>
<p begin="00:00:26.951" end="00:00:29.742" region="r8" style="s2">
and proximal tibia are identified.</p>
<p begin="00:00:29.742" end="00:00:32.944" region="r9" style="s2">
The transducer should be slowly<br />
translated down the tibia</p>
<p begin="00:00:32.944" end="00:00:34.887" region="r10" style="s2">
to the medial malleolus.</p>
<p begin="00:00:34.887" end="00:00:37.542" region="r11" style="s2">
The cortical surface of<br />
the tibia is a smooth,</p>
<p begin="00:00:37.542" end="00:00:42.146" region="r12" style="s2">
uninterrupted hyperechoic line<br />
without stepoff deformities.</p>
<p begin="00:00:42.146" end="00:00:45.045" region="r13" style="s2">
The longitudinal scan should<br />
be repeated in the midline</p>
<p begin="00:00:45.045" end="00:00:48.027" region="r14" style="s2">
and on the anterior surface of the tibia.</p>
<p begin="00:00:48.027" end="00:00:50.794" region="r15" style="s2">
The transducer should<br />
then be rotated 90 degrees</p>
<p begin="00:00:50.794" end="00:00:53.650" region="r16" style="s2">
counterclockwise for a short axis scan</p>
<p begin="00:00:53.650" end="00:00:57.399" region="r12" style="s2">
which begins at the knee joint<br />
and ends at the distal tibia.</p>
<p begin="00:00:57.399" end="00:01:00.352" region="r17" style="s2">
The cross section of the<br />
tibia appears as a bright</p>
<p begin="00:01:00.352" end="00:01:02.968" region="r18" style="s2">
hyperechoic triangular shaped structure,</p>
<p begin="00:01:02.968" end="00:01:06.468" region="r2" style="s2">
which gradually tapers in the distal bone.</p>

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