<p begin="00:00:07.856" end="00:00:09.495" style="s2">- [Voiceover] A phased array transducer</p>
<p begin="00:00:09.495" end="00:00:13.577" style="s2">with a long exam type is used<br />to evaluate lung sliding.</p>
<p begin="00:00:13.577" end="00:00:17.220" style="s2">The anterior, lateral, and<br />posterior zones of the chest wall</p>
<p begin="00:00:17.220" end="00:00:19.143" style="s2">should be evaluated.</p>
<p begin="00:00:19.143" end="00:00:22.729" style="s2">The transducer is placed<br />in a long-axis orientation</p>
<p begin="00:00:22.729" end="00:00:25.845" style="s2">over the anterior chest<br />wall at the third or fourth</p>
<p begin="00:00:25.845" end="00:00:29.869" style="s2">intercostal space in the<br />anterior axillary line.</p>
<p begin="00:00:29.869" end="00:00:33.773" style="s2">The orientation marker is<br />directed to the patient's head.</p>
<p begin="00:00:33.773" end="00:00:36.642" style="s2">A shallow scanning depth is used.</p>
<p begin="00:00:36.642" end="00:00:39.653" style="s2">The ribs are identified in<br />the near field of the image</p>
<p begin="00:00:39.653" end="00:00:43.907" style="s2">as a bright interface<br />with a posterior shadow.</p>
<p begin="00:00:43.907" end="00:00:46.167" style="s2">The pleural line is<br />identified as a bright,</p>
<p begin="00:00:46.167" end="00:00:49.207" style="s2">hyperechoic line between the rib shadows.</p>
<p begin="00:00:49.207" end="00:00:52.263" style="s2">The to and fro sliding movement<br />of the visceral pleural</p>
<p begin="00:00:52.263" end="00:00:54.675" style="s2">against the parietal<br />pleural with breathing</p>
<p begin="00:00:54.675" end="00:00:57.189" style="s2">generates the lung sliding sign.</p>
<p begin="00:00:57.189" end="00:01:00.659" style="s2">Evaluate the pleural movement<br />for A line and B line</p>
<p begin="00:01:00.659" end="00:01:02.888" style="s2">reverberation artifacts.</p>
<p begin="00:01:02.888" end="00:01:05.925" style="s2">To evaluate the posterior pleural space,</p>
<p begin="00:01:05.925" end="00:01:08.318" style="s2">move the transducer distally to the level</p>
<p begin="00:01:08.318" end="00:01:10.972" style="s2">of the seventh intercostal space.</p>
<p begin="00:01:10.972" end="00:01:15.334" style="s2">Slide the transducer posteriorly<br />to the midaxillary line.</p>
<p begin="00:01:15.334" end="00:01:17.995" style="s2">Increase the scanning<br />depth to view the interface</p>
<p begin="00:01:17.995" end="00:01:20.934" style="s2">between the pleural space and diaphragm.</p>
<p begin="00:01:20.934" end="00:01:23.751" style="s2">In a normal patient, a<br />mirror image artifact</p>
<p begin="00:01:23.751" end="00:01:27.834" style="s2">of the liver or spleen<br />will appear the diaphragm.</p>