<p begin="00:00:07.420" end="00:00:08.846" style="s2">- [Voiceover] A linear<br />array transducer with a</p>
<p begin="00:00:08.846" end="00:00:11.191" style="s2">musculoskeletal exam type,</p>
<p begin="00:00:11.191" end="00:00:13.228" style="s2">is used to perform an<br />ultrasound examination</p>
<p begin="00:00:13.228" end="00:00:16.057" style="s2">of the subscapularis tendon.</p>
<p begin="00:00:16.057" end="00:00:17.682" style="s2">The patient is in a sitting position,</p>
<p begin="00:00:17.682" end="00:00:21.380" style="s2">with the patients hand palm<br />up and resting on the knee.</p>
<p begin="00:00:21.380" end="00:00:24.028" style="s2">The examiner is positioned<br />in front of the patient</p>
<p begin="00:00:24.028" end="00:00:26.160" style="s2">and the transducer is placed transversely</p>
<p begin="00:00:26.160" end="00:00:27.938" style="s2">over the head of the humerus,</p>
<p begin="00:00:27.938" end="00:00:29.722" style="s2">with the orientation marker directed</p>
<p begin="00:00:29.722" end="00:00:31.504" style="s2">to the patient's right.</p>
<p begin="00:00:31.504" end="00:00:33.069" style="s2">The deltoid muscle is seen</p>
<p begin="00:00:33.069" end="00:00:34.782" style="s2">as the most superficial structure.</p>
<p begin="00:00:34.782" end="00:00:37.284" style="s2">The bright hyperechoic greater and lesser</p>
<p begin="00:00:37.284" end="00:00:38.948" style="s2">tuberosities of the humerus,</p>
<p begin="00:00:38.948" end="00:00:41.546" style="s2">surround the oval shaped, biceps tendon.</p>
<p begin="00:00:41.546" end="00:00:44.102" style="s2">The arm, is then externally rotated</p>
<p begin="00:00:44.102" end="00:00:47.676" style="s2">to bring the bird's beak<br />shaped subscapularis tendon</p>
<p begin="00:00:47.676" end="00:00:51.843" style="s2">to view, as it inserts<br />into the lesser tuberosity.</p>
<p begin="00:00:57.385" end="00:00:59.975" style="s2">The fibular tendon lies<br />between the superficial</p>
<p begin="00:00:59.975" end="00:01:02.141" style="s2">deltoid muscle and the intense bright</p>
<p begin="00:01:02.141" end="00:01:05.575" style="s2">hyperechoic reflection<br />of the humerus below.</p>
<p begin="00:01:05.575" end="00:01:07.770" style="s2">The subscapularis tendon<br />should be evaluated</p>
<p begin="00:01:07.770" end="00:01:10.180" style="s2">by sweeping the transducer from it's</p>
<p begin="00:01:10.180" end="00:01:12.544" style="s2">proximal musculotendinous insertion,</p>
<p begin="00:01:12.544" end="00:01:15.908" style="s2">on the lesser tuberosity<br />to the inferior portion.</p>
<p begin="00:01:15.908" end="00:01:18.288" style="s2">The examiner can provide<br />gentle resistance against</p>
<p begin="00:01:18.288" end="00:01:20.497" style="s2">the subject's arm during internal rotation</p>
<p begin="00:01:20.497" end="00:01:23.275" style="s2">to highlight subtle pathology.</p>
<p begin="00:01:23.275" end="00:01:26.506" style="s2">The transducer is then<br />rotated 90 degrees clockwise,</p>
<p begin="00:01:26.506" end="00:01:28.721" style="s2">to evaluate the subscapularis tendon</p>
<p begin="00:01:28.721" end="00:01:31.073" style="s2">with a short axis view.</p>
<p begin="00:01:31.073" end="00:01:32.805" style="s2">Note the three distinct tendon bundles</p>
<p begin="00:01:32.805" end="00:01:34.894" style="s2">visible in the transverse axis.</p>
<p begin="00:01:34.894" end="00:01:36.885" style="s2">The deltoid muscle is seen as</p>
<p begin="00:01:36.885" end="00:01:38.492" style="s2">the most superficial structure.</p>
<p begin="00:01:38.492" end="00:01:40.624" style="s2">The bright hyperechoic greater and</p>
<p begin="00:01:40.624" end="00:01:42.874" style="s2">lesser tuberosities of the humerus,</p>
<p begin="00:01:42.874" end="00:01:45.844" style="s2">surround the oval shaped bicep's tendon.</p>
<p begin="00:01:45.844" end="00:01:49.631" style="s2">The subscapularis lies<br />below the deltoid muscle.</p>
<p begin="00:01:49.631" end="00:01:51.746" style="s2">The subscapularis tendon approaches the</p>
<p begin="00:01:51.746" end="00:01:54.546" style="s2">bright hyperechoic coracoid process,</p>
<p begin="00:01:54.546" end="00:01:56.839" style="s2">with internal and external rotation,</p>
<p begin="00:01:56.839" end="00:02:00.839" style="s2">and can be a cause of<br />coracohumeral impingement.</p>

<p begin="00:00:07.374" end="00:00:09.089" style="s2">- [Voiceover] A linear array transducer</p>
<p begin="00:00:09.089" end="00:00:12.017" style="s2">with a musculoskeletal exam<br />type is used to perform</p>
<p begin="00:00:12.017" end="00:00:14.388" style="s2">an ultrasound examination of the Lateral</p>
<p begin="00:00:14.388" end="00:00:16.672" style="s2">Collateral Ligament of the Knee.</p>
<p begin="00:00:16.672" end="00:00:18.568" style="s2">The patient is in a supine position</p>
<p begin="00:00:18.568" end="00:00:21.341" style="s2">with the knee flexed 90 degrees.</p>
<p begin="00:00:21.341" end="00:00:23.742" style="s2">The transducer is placed longitudinally</p>
<p begin="00:00:23.742" end="00:00:25.916" style="s2">over the outer knee at the joint space</p>
<p begin="00:00:25.916" end="00:00:27.753" style="s2">with the orientation marker directed</p>
<p begin="00:00:27.753" end="00:00:29.563" style="s2">to the patient's head.</p>
<p begin="00:00:29.563" end="00:00:32.682" style="s2">The fibular head is a<br />bright, hyperechoic structure</p>
<p begin="00:00:32.682" end="00:00:35.641" style="s2">where the biceps femoris muscle attaches.</p>
<p begin="00:00:35.641" end="00:00:37.553" style="s2">The transducer should be translated</p>
<p begin="00:00:37.553" end="00:00:39.726" style="s2">in a windshield wiper type maneuver</p>
<p begin="00:00:39.726" end="00:00:42.375" style="s2">to connect the fibula<br />and the femoral condyle</p>
<p begin="00:00:42.375" end="00:00:45.671" style="s2">to identify the Lateral<br />Collateral Ligament.</p>
<p begin="00:00:45.671" end="00:00:47.588" style="s2">The ligament can be seen as a packed,</p>
<p begin="00:00:47.588" end="00:00:50.143" style="s2">fibular patterned, tight,<br />elliptical structure</p>
<p begin="00:00:50.143" end="00:00:52.167" style="s2">arising from the lateral condyle,</p>
<p begin="00:00:52.167" end="00:00:54.630" style="s2">and inserting on the fibular head.</p>
<p begin="00:00:54.630" end="00:00:57.277" style="s2">The transducer is then rotated 90 degrees</p>
<p begin="00:00:57.277" end="00:01:00.799" style="s2">counterclockwise to<br />obtain a short-axis view.</p>
<p begin="00:01:00.799" end="00:01:02.914" style="s2">The Lateral Collateral Ligament appears</p>
<p begin="00:01:02.914" end="00:01:05.520" style="s2">as a sheet-like structure,<br />which should be scanned</p>
<p begin="00:01:05.520" end="00:01:07.742" style="s2">from its proximal to distal insertion</p>
<p begin="00:01:07.742" end="00:01:10.159" style="s2">to complete the examination.</p>