Carotid Artery

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M-Turbo: Catheter in IJV Short Axis.

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M-Turbo: Catheter in IJV Short Axis.

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M-Turbo: Catheter in IJV Long Axis

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M-Turbo: Catheter in IJV Long Axis.

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How to: Internal Jugular Vein Needle Insertion

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An overview of ultrasound landmarks and scanning techniques for internal jugular vein access including a demonstration on an ultrasound phantom.

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Subtitles

- Ultrasound guided central lines are rapidly
becoming standard to care.
Ultrasound allows us to do this procedure much safer
than a standard blind landmark approach.
In this segment I'm gonna take you through how we can map
the jugular vein for the procedure of an intrajugular line
using the central approach.
So let me show you how to position our ultrasound.
We have our model here, lying down.
I normally would be at the head of the bed
and if you look at his neck,
you can actually see the two heads
of his general cleidomastoid.
We see a sternal head and the clavicular head
that usually form a triangle.
Normally in a blind landmark approach,
our needle would be going to the apex of the triangle.
We're now gonna use ultrasound to localize the vein.
We're gonna now find the vein
and make the needle insertion so much safer.
We're gonna go ahead and choose our system
which is gonna be placed just to the right of the patient.
We're gonna use a linear transducer.
We're gonna go ahead and set up our examination type.
I'm gonna hit exam, I'm gonna click on venous,
select, and we're gonna be ready to start scanning.
We're going to also use a little trick to put
the transducer marker actually to the patient's left.
The reason I do this is to maintain the orientation
from the head of the bed so the vein and the artery
are in the normal anatomic positions,
so it's not to create more confusion when you're using
ultrasound for guidance of a procedure.
I'm gonna go ahead and put a little bit of gel
on this transducer.
And now let's take a look at his neck in the normal place
that we would normally have put our needle.
So if we're looking at the screen, in the center
of the screen is a very large anechoic structure.
And you can see that it easily collapses.
This is the jugular vein.
Just adjacent to this,
to the left of the screen and below the vein is the artery.
That is what we want to avoid and just a little bit more
to the left of that is the thyroid.
So the ultrasound allows us to easily find the vein.
We can track it along its entire course.
First thing we can identify, is the vein patent?
You might have a patient who has had a previous cannulation
and the vein itself may not be a good candidate.
The second thing, once we've identified the vein,
we can map the skin and actually put marks on the skin,
and we can also look at the side of the ultrasound image
to see how deep the vein is.
And in this case it's about one centimeter deep.
I'm gonna show you how to use ultrasound
to actually guide your needle into the intrajugular vein.
As you can see we have a Blue Phantom here.
We're gonna be able to take a look at the vein,
first with ultrasound,
and then I'm gonna use the ultrasound transducer
to actually guide my needle toward the vein.
I'm gonna go ahead and place a little bit of gel
onto the neck where I expect the jugular vein to lie.
And then I'm gonna use my transducer
to identify this vein.
And you can see on this image,
we can see what is supposed to be a vein here in the center.
And it's compressible; it's about a centimeter deep or so.
So I can use ultrasound guidance.
I can now place this needle into the vein.
Normally this whole setup will be under sterile procedure,
the transducer will be covered with a sterile sheet,
I'll be in full sterile prep, and the needle
and the rest of the equipment all will be sterile.
But for the purposes of this demonstration
I think you'll recognize how I'm placing the needle
and how we're cannulating the vein.
So I put the target in the center of the image,
so this would be the jugular vein in the center
and we know that the jugular vein's about
a centimeter and a half deep in this case.
I'm now gonna show you how you can actually follow
the needle tip as you slowly march toward the vein.
I have the jugular vein centered in the image,
I can see it's compressible, we're sure it's the vein.
Now I take my needle and put it right adjacent
to the transducer in the mid part
and we can see the needle tip,
and I'm gonna slowly advance,
but while I'm advancing I'm angling the transducer
away from the needle and toward the needle tip
so I always have the needle tip in the field of view.
And when I do that I can always keep track
of how far I've gone, and then I do this nice and slow.
And you can see I'm getting closer to the vein now.
And I've actually hit the vein.
And if you can get a close look here, you can actually see
a little bit of blue liquid here,
which demonstrates that I've actually hit the vein.

Brightcove ID

5743128737001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=21w4kuD0_gA

Case: Supraclavicular Approach to Subclavian Vein Cannulation

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3D animation demonstrating the Ultrasound Guided Insertion of a Subclavian Vein Catheter.

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- [Voiceover] This is Dr. Phil Perera
and welcome to SoundBytes.
In this module we're gonna go over how to use ultrasound
to guide us for the supraclavicular subclavian
vein cannulation.
The supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein
is a great alternative to the traditional infraclavicular
approach that's been emphasized over the years
in medical and surgical training.
For this approach, the catheter is placed into the
subclavian vein above the clavicle either very close to,
or at the junction with the internal jugular vein
at the confluence of the brachiocephalic vein.
Advantages of this approach include a relatively short
distance to the vein and less wire kinking than with
the infraclavicular approach.
A nice article that goes over this approach was in
the Western Journal of Emergency Medicine in 2009 by
the authors listed below in the reference.
Let's take a moment to review the upper extremity
venous anatomy that we'll need to know to perform
supraclavicular subclavian cannulation.
The first landmark is the clavicle, and remember,
as the subclavian vein passes lateral to the clavicle
it becomes the axillary vein.
We can see the subclavian artery and vein running
above and below the clavicle.
We can also see the internal jugular vein
and carotid artery going up and down the neck.
We can see the confluence of the internal jugular vein
and the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic veins.
In effect, we're aiming at the confluence here,
the brachiocephalic vein for placement of the catheter.
And we can see that the brachiocephalic veins join
to become the superior vena cava
going into the right atrium.
And that's where we want to place the tip of the catheter.
Now let's take a look at the essential anatomy
from a lateral approach.
We again note the clavicle here forming the boundary
between the subclavian artery and vein
and the axillary artery and vein.
We see the subclavian artery and vein arching
above and below the clavicle.
And we see the internal jugular vein and carotid artery
going up and down the neck.
Notice again the confluence of the subclavian vein
and the internal jugular vein at the brachiocephalic vein.
And again, that's where we'll be aiming with our needle.
Notice the brachiocephalic vein joining in the
superior vena cava and down into the heart.
Now let's take a moment to talk about ultrasound guidance
for this approach to the subclavian vein.
Traditionally it's been thought to be difficult to image
this portion of the subclavian vein as it arches
above the clavicle.
However, the supraclavicular portion of the subclavian
vein can be well visualized by placing the ultrasound probe
in a medial position just above the clavicle and angling
it down into the chest.
To visual the subclavian vein just anterior
to the subclavian artery.
In this illustration, we see the probe placed above
the subclavian vein able to image it
in a long axis orientation.
For this application we'll want to use the high frequency
10 megahertz linear array type probe.
And notice that we have the probe angled anterior
to pick up the vein which will be located anterior
to the subclavian artery.
Thus, cannulation of the vessel will be performed
in a long axis approach using ultrasound guidance.
An alternative approach to find the subclavian vein
and the brachiocephalic vein is to follow the internal
jugular vein inferiorly down the neck.
We then will visualize the subclavian vein as it joins
with the internal jugular vein at the confluence
of the brachiocephalic vein.
And we can use color Doppler flow imaging as shown
in the video box to the upper right to differentiate
vein from artery.
Notice the characteristic pulsations of the artery
versus the constant phasic respiratory hum of the vein.
To use ultrasound guidance for the supraclavicular approach
we'll want to place the probe in a long axis orientation
in the supraclavicular fossa.
As noted here in the picture to the upper right,
we can see the probe placed over the top of the clavicle.
There's not a lot of space in the supraclavicular fossa
and that's why it's easier to place the probe in a
long axis orientation rather than a short axis approach.
We'll be using the high frequency linear array type probe
for this application and because we want to use dynamic
or real time guidance, we're going to use a sterile sheath
over the probe.
Now let's go over how to use ultrasound to visualize
the subclavian vein.
We'll begin by running the probe down the neck
to identify the internal jugular vein lateral
to the carotid artery.
We can push down with the probe to differentiate
vein from artery as the vein should completely compress
as long as there's no thrombosis present.
We can also use Doppler flow to differentiate
the two vessels.
After we identify the internal jugular vein within the neck
we'll run the probe even further inferiorly down the neck
and angle it down into the chest.
Now, note here that we're seeing the subclavian artery
and the carotid artery and the confluence
of the two vessels.
And remember that the subclavian artery is going to be
located posterior to the subclavian vein.
Next we're gonna orient the probe even more anteriorly
watching internal jugular vein go down into the chest
and join with the subclavian vein at the confluence
of the brachiocephalic vein.
And we remember that the subclavian vein will be located
more anteriorly than the subclavian artery.
Now let's take a look at some ultrasound images showing
the internal jugular vein running down the neck and joining
with the subclavian vein at the brachiocephalic confluence.
And we can see the subclavian vein arching from the lateral
aspect to the left of the image, here,
and joining with the brachiocephalic vein medially.
Again, we'll be aiming the needle for the confluence
of the subclavian vein down with the brachiocephalic vein.
Now we can that the structure is relatively superficial,
we can see the depth markers over to the right,
and we note that the subclavian vein is only at about
one centimeter depth.
In this ultrasound image we first locate the internal
jugular vein and then we orient the probe a little bit
more anteriorly to pick up that subclavian vein
and the confluence of the brachiocephalic vein.
So all we're doing is a slight tilt anteriorly
with the probe to visualize the subclavian vein
running into the brachiocephalic vein.
And again, we can see the depth markers over to the right
there, and we notice that the subclavian vein is located
at about one to two centimeters.
So again, it's a relatively superficial structure.
In this ultrasound image we see the subclavian vein
coming from lateral to the left of the screen
and joining with the brachiocephalic vein medially.
We can see a valve at the confluence
between the two structures.
Our needle would come in from the lateral aspect
and be aimed medially towards that confluence
and we can see that it would have to come down about
two centimeters to successfully cannulate the vessel.
In this illustration we'll go over the surface anatomy
for the supraclavicular subclavian vein cannulation.
The needle should be aimed towards the subclavian vein
at the confluence of the internal jugular vein
into the brachiocephalic vein.
Generally we're gonna place the needle up the back
of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid.
The needle should be aimed towards the sternal notch.
And again, it's a relatively superficial stick.
This video reviews the middle triangle of the neck
as framed by the divisions of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Remember that the sternal head will run medial
and the clavicular head will run lateral.
The clavicle will form the inferior boundary of the middle
triangle of the neck.
And we can see the index finger placed
within the middle triangle.
Within this triangle will run the internal jugular vein
and the carotid artery.
And that's where we want to be first locating with the probe
the internal jugular vein as it runs down the neck.
Here are the traditional surface landmarks for cannulation
of the supraclavicular subclavian vein.
We want to identify the clavicular head of the
sternocleidomastoid laterally and that's generally
where we'll be placing our needle.
The needle will be aimed towards the sternal notch medially.
And we can see that the needle will be coming over the top
of the clavicle aimed into the subclavian vein.
And this video clip will simulate the correct placement
of the needle for cannulation of the subclavian vein
above the clavicle.
Here I'm just illustrating where the subclavian vein
should be running from lateral to medial.
And note here, we'll place the needle just lateral
to the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid
with an orientation towards the sternal notch
of the sternum.
Next we'll add ultrasound into the mix
and here we're placing the high frequency linear array probe
into the supraclavicular fossa,
just above the subclavian vein.
So we'd be placing the needle on the lateral aspect
of the probe so that we can watch the needle
come down into the vessel.
And again, I'm just emphasizing the standard trajectory
of the needle from that lateral aspect of the clavicular
head of the sternocleidomastoid towards the sternal notch.
Here we get a different perspective for the placement
of the probe in the long axis configuration in the
supraclavicular fossa.
And we see here that that needle should be oriented off
the back of the probe or lateral to the probe.
We'll be placing the needle directly underneath the probe
so we can watch it all times as it goes down to the vessel
to correctly cannulate the subclavian vein.
And the needle should be aimed towards that sternal notch.
Here we're going to successfully cannulate the
subclavian vein using the long axis approach
under ultrasound guidance.
And we can see the needle coming in from lateral to medial
successfully cannulating the subclavian vein.
Notice that the needle has a bright or echogenic
appearance on ultrasound.
Here we'll stop the video clip and we can see the tip
of the needle centered within the subclavian vein.
We'll note the depth markers over to the right
of the ultrasound image, here, and we can see that
the subclavian vein is at about one to two centimeters.
And we need to keep this in mind as the dome of the lung
is relatively close to the subclavian and we want
to keep that tip of the needle relatively superficial.
Once we've had a successful cannulation of the vessel
we can actually guide the guide-wire
using ultrasound guidance.
This is helpful as we want to make sure that the guide-wire
passes without obstruction down into the vessel lumen.
In this video clip we can actually see the guide-wire
advance through the catheter into the subclavian vein
laterally and being pushed down the subclavian vein
into the confluence with the brachiocephalic vein medial
and to the right.
Next we can watch as the guide-wires further advance
down the brachiocephalic vein into the superior vena cava.
And here we can see the echogenic guide-wire coming
from left down the subclavian into the brachiocephalic
and into the superior vena cava.
And remember that we want to position the tip of the
guide-wire and then the resulting catheter within
the superior vena cava so that it doesn't enter into
the right atrium.
To summarize some of the important parts of this module
I want to emphasize that the supraclavicular approach
to subclavian vein is a great alternative to the
traditional infracavicular approach and one in which
ultrasound guidance can be used dynamically or real time
to guide the needle down into the vein,
hopefully to decrease the risk of complications
to our patient during the procedure.
As we discussed, the subclavian vein cannulation
is performed with the ultrasound probe held in the
long axis orientation in the supraclavicular fossa
so that the needle will enter off the back of the probe
laterally and be advanced in a long axis view down
into the vein.
Let's finish here with a discussion of some of the
potential complications of this approach,
the first of which is inadvertent pneumothorax.
Now the subclavian vein is relatively close to the lung,
the dome of the lung, and for that reason,
we'll traditionally go on the right side where the
right side of the lung is a little lower at the dome
than on the left side.
We could actually visualize the dome of the lung
on ultrasound as seen in the video box to the upper right.
We can see the pleural surfaces moving back and forth
as the patient breathes and this is called lung sliding.
So we can visualize the lung and avoid it.
We want to avoid deep punctures with the needle
and keep that needle tip visualized at all times
as we advance it down into the vein.
The second potential complication is inadvertent puncture
of the subclavian artery during the cannulation procedure.
Remember that the subclavian vein lies anterior
to the subclavian artery and we can actually identify
both structures prior to puncture attempts using ultrasound.
We can use color flow Doppler imaging to differentiate
the artery from the vein and as seen in the mini boxes
to the upper part of the video here,
we can see to the left the pulsations within
the subclavian artery and the venous hum to the right,
there, within the subclavian vein.
We want to aim that needle anteriorly at all times to avoid
the subclavian artery so as not to inadvertently puncture
it during the cannulation procedure.
So while it's important to discuss the potential
complications of this approach,
I feel that this is a great line in clinical use
and one that's actually better or safer for our patients
than the traditional blind landmark-based infraclavicular
approach to the subclavian vein.
So I hope it's something that you'll give a try in
the clinical areas using ultrasound guidance.
And I look forward to seeing you back in the future
as SoundBytes continues.

Brightcove ID

5508120186001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=I3Jqbxa1_Ts

3D How To: IJV Catheter Insertion (Transverse)

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3D animation demonstrating an ultrasound guided insertion of an internal jugular catheter (transverse).

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- [Voiceover] A linear array transducer
with a venous exam type
is used to perform an ultrasound-guided insertion
of an internal jugular catheter via a transverse approach.
The patient is in a supine position
with the head slightly turned
toward the contralateral side.
The operator is positioned at the head of the bed.
The transducer is placed transversely
just below the apex
of the sternocleidomastoid muscle triangle,
with the orientation marker directed to the patient's left
at a 9:00 position.
The most superficial structure
identified in the ultrasound image
is the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Deeper to this, the internal jugular vein
will appear as a dark anechoic elliptical shape,
and is compressible with transducer pressure.
The artery will be circular and pulsatile.
The thyroid gland lies medial to these structures,
and has a light gray echo signature.
Adjust the transducer so it is centered
over the internal jugular vein.
Follow the needle entry by slowly sliding the transducer
in the direction of needle advancement.
The needle will appear as a small bright hyperechoic dot.
When the needle tip appears,
the transducer should be advanced a short distance distally
to follow the tip of the needle trajectory,
and stay in advance of the needle entry.
The needle is slowly advanced
under direct ultrasound visualization
until the tip is seen to indent,
and then puncture the internal jugular vein.
The transducer should be moved
slightly proximally and distally
to confirm that the needle tip lies
in the mid-portion of the jugular vein.

Brightcove ID

5742626540001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=eesN9rGoXFM

3D How To: IJV Catheter Insertion (Long)

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3D animation demonstrating an ultrasound guided insertion of an Internal Jugular Catheter (Longitudinal).

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- [Voiceover] A linear array transducer
with a venous exam type, is used to perform
an ultrasound guided insertion of a subclavian
vein catheter via an transverse approach.
The patient is in a supine position
with the head neutral.
The operator should stand to the patient's right side.
The transducer is placed transversely
just inferior to the mid portion of the clavicle,
with the orientation marker directed
to the patient's head at a 12 o'clock position.
The hyperechoic clavicle can be seen
in the superior portion of the ultrasound image.
The vein is dark, and anechoic,
just inferior and deep to the clavicle.
The transducer should be slowly moved one to two inches
toward the shoulder, with the face of the transducer
staying below the clavicle to obtain the best view
of the subclavian or axillary vein.
It is important to note that the lung lies directly
posterior to the vessel.
So, posterior wall puncture of the axillary vein
should be avoided.
Adjust the transducer so it is centered over the vein.
Follow the needle entry by slowly sliding the transducer
in the direction of needle advancement.
The needle will appear as a small, bright, hyperechoic dot.
When the needle tip appears, the transducer
should be advanced a short distance distally
to follow the tip of the needle trajectory,
and stay in advance of the needle entry.
The needle is slowly advanced
under direct ultrasound visualization
until the tip is seen to puncture the subclavian vein.
The probe should be moved slightly proximally and distally
to confirm that the needle tip lies
in the mid portion of the vein.

Brightcove ID

5508120188001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=IBmbc1ak5fY

Case: Central Line Bundle: Improving Patient Safety

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Video case study covering the 6-point central line bundle.

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- [Voiceover] In this Soundbytes module, we'll discuss
how we can improve patient safety through a concept
known as a central line bundle.
Now the central line bundle is a six step checklist
of initiatives that can decrease both the infectious,
and mechanical complications of central line placement.
Let's begin this module by going over some of the
potential patient benefits of central venous access.
Central venous access allows more secure
vascular access in our sickest patients,
and gives us the ability to deliver
high flow infusions in these patients.
Central venous access is also a safer administration route
of vasopressors as opposed to the peripheral route.
A central line allows for better hemodynamic monitoring
of our patients, allowing you to monitor
central venous pressure, or CVP, and also
mixed venous oxygen saturation.
However there are some serious patient risks involved
with placement of a central venous catheter.
The two main groups of complications are the mechanical,
and the infectious.
Those included under mechanical complications are
pneumothorax formation, hemothorax formation,
and inadvertent arterial puncture with hematoma formation.
The second main category are the infectious complications
and central associated bloodstream infections
are increasingly recognized cause of increased
morbidity and mortality in our sickest patients.
Because of these recognized complications of
central line placement, bedside ultrasound has stepped up
to help us lower the complication rate.
Bedside ultrasound dramatically decreases
the mechanical complications of central line placement,
allowing real time guidance of the cannulating needle
into the central vein.
Bedside ultrasound is now recommended by
governmental agencies and multiple medical societies
as an aid in placement of central lines.
And over recent years there's been increasing momentum
in initiatives to decrease
central line associated infections.
Two major initiatives were the IHI 100,000 Lives Campaign
which came out in 2005, with the aim to improve
patient safety in all USA hospitals.
Also in 2006, the Joint Commissions, JCAHO
came out with the Six National Safety Goals,
also with the aim of reducing risk of
health care associated infections.
The Institute for Health Care Improvement, or IHI
recommendations for central venous access include
five major initiatives.
The first is increasing attention to hand hygiene.
Number two, adequate skin antisepsis,
number three, maximal barrier precautions,
number four, catheter site selection,
and number five, daily review of the need
for a central line.
If one adds ultrasound guidance of line placement
to the five point IHI recommendations of hand hygiene,
skin antisepsis, maximal barrier precautions,
catheter site selection, and daily review of the need
for central line, one gets to the central line
six point bundle, the current standard
for decreasing complications of central line placement.
Before performing central venous access,
it's mandatory to perform a checklist prior to the procedure
to decrease the complication rate.
The first thing one should do is to review
the patient charts for those increased procedural risks
to our patients, such as coagulopathy,
thrombocytopenia, the presence of a DVT
within the upper extremity or lower extremity veins,
or a known latex allergy.
One should obtain informed consent from our patients,
also performing a prescan ultrasound to look for a clot
in the targeted veins.
Last but not least, it's optimal and mandatory
to perform a time out procedure together
with the nursing staff.
Going through the IHI guidelines for decreasing
the complication rate for central venous access,
the first step is to wash your hands thoroughly
prior to the procedure.
As an alternative, one can consider application of
alcohol based, waterless hand cleansers which offer
additional disinfection benefit over conventional washing.
The second step for decreasing the complication rate
of central venous access, is adequate attention
to skin antisepsis.
For this initiative, Chlorhexidine is going to be optimal.
Chlorhexidine offers benefits over traditional
Povidine-iodine with regard to skin antisepsis,
and it's best to scrub the Chlorhexidine sponge
vigorously across your patient's skin for 20 seconds,
applying three Chlorhexidine scrubs sequentially
to a wide field area over the patient's skin.
The third step is adequate attention to
maximal barrier precautions during the
central venous placement procedure.
The operator and all assistants should wear a cap,
mask, sterile gown and sterile gloves
throughout the procedure.
It's important to place a wide field barrier
over the patient during the procedure
to decrease the infectious risk to our patient.
The patient should be covered from head to toe
with this wide field barrier, with only a small opening
for the insertion site of the central line.
The fourth main step within the IHI guidelines,
is adequate attention to site selection
for placement of a central venous catheter.
In general, high lines are preferred.
The internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
are associated with a decreased risk of
infectious complications to our patients.
In general, low lines are less preferred,
as placement of a catheter into the femoral vein
is associated with higher risk of infection,
and also a higher risk of DVT in our patients.
Critical actions following placement of a
central venous catheter include using sterile technique
to flush all lines of the catheter, and then putting
sterile catheter caps on all lumens.
We'll then place a sterile dressing,
like the Tegaderm shown in the picture to the upper right
over the access site, and obtain a chest radiograph
after all high lines, to look for placement
of the tip of the catheter,
and also to rule out a pneumothorax.
An optimal approach to facilitate compliance
with the central line bundle, is to create a
dedicated central line bundle cart that moves
to the patient during the actual procedure.
On this dedicated central line bundle cart,
can be included all the supplies essential
to central venous access, to facilitate easy compliance
with the steps.
In the cart can be included the chlorhexidine swabs,
all the sterile barrier supplies for the operator,
such as the cap, gown and sterile gloves,
the wide field barrier for our patient,
sterile caps to go onto the central venous catheter,
and the dressing cover, the Tegaderm to cover the site
after the procedure is completed.
One should also have the ultrasound probe
sterile sheath cover, to facilitate the use of
ultrasound in a sterile manner during the procedure.
A crucial step that's more relevant for the
critical care units, is a daily review of all
central venous lines to see if the line is truly needed.
All unessential lines should be immediately removed
from the patient, if not essential for optimal patient care,
to decrease the risk of infections to our patients.
So in conclusion, the central venous access six point bundle
can potentially decrease the complication rate
for our patients undergoing this procedure.
Remember that we get to the six point bundle
by adding ultrasound guidance of line placement
to the IHI five point recommendations as shown below.
Hand hygiene, skin antisepsis, maximal barrier precautions,
catheter site selection, going for those high lines
over the low lines, and a daily review of the
need for a central line.
Through adherence to the
central venous access six point bundle,
we can potentially make the central venous access procedure
a safer one for our patients.
Remember that, number one, we can potentially
lower the rate of mechanical complications
by using ultrasound guidance throughout the procedure.
And number two, we can potentially lower the rate of
infectious complications of the procedure,
by close adherence to the IHI guidelines.
In conclusion, hopefully we can make hospitalization
a potentially safer experience for the most ill
of our patients who are receiving central venous access,
for their treatments.
So I hope to see you back in the future,
as Soundbytes continues.

Brightcove ID

5508123477001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=hUH-B7qy-fc

How to: Stellate Ganglion Block

Read more about How to: Stellate Ganglion Block

/sites/default/files/Stellate_Ganglion_Block_edu00310.jpg

This videos discusses some of the scanning techniques involved when performing a stellate ganglion nerve block under ultrasound guidance.

Clinical Specialties

Media Library Type

Subtitles

- Today I'm going to demonstrate the stellate ganglion block
performed under ultrasound guidance.
Traditionally this block was performed blindly,
without the use of any imaging modality.
Currently thoracoscopy is a preferred method,
however utilizing ultrasound such as this M Turbo system
utilizing the HFL 50 linear probe,
this can be done with less radiation
and avoidance of vascular structures
that might not otherwise be seen
under thoracoscopic guidance.
The C6 transverse process, Chassaignac's tubercle,
immediately inferior is the C7 body
and transverse process.
The probe is placed in a transverse orientation,
clearly identifying and avoiding the vertebral artery.
And the needle coming in contact with
the C7 transverse process.
To perform this particular block,
the following equipment is necessary.
The chlorhexidine prep,
one percent buffered lidocaine
with a one and one half inch 27 gauge needle,
a 25 gauge three and one half inch spinal needle,
a 10 cc syringe that will contain seven ccs
of one percent lidocaine with epinephrine,
or quarter percent bupivacaine with epinephrine.
The procedure is performed with the patient
in the supine position, with the chin up
and the following anatomic structures are identified.
The thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and then,
the finger is placed in the groove next to the trachea,
and pressure applied until a bony protuberance is felt.
This is Chassaignac's tubercle or
the transverse process of C6.
Currently, the use of thoracoscopy
indicates use at the C7 level.
The reason for this is to provide
better sympathetic blockade while avoiding some
of the common side effects such as Horner's syndrome,
as well as recurrent pharyngeal nerve paralysis.
In this case, the HFL 50 probe will be utilized.
It provides a very high definition, high resolution view
of the subcutaneous structures.
Gel is placed at the formerly marked C6 level.
And the HFL 50 probe is placed on the skin
in a transverse arrangement.
The initial view is of the cricoid cartilage,
and then the probe is moved slightly cephalad
and then rotated slightly outward.
At this point the thyroid as well as the carotid artery
and Chassaignac's tubercle are clearly visible
as the hump located immediately in the center of the screen.
Since this is the C6 tubercle,
we will move slightly interior until it flattens out
and this becomes the C7 transverse process.
It's important to note at this point to utilize
the color flow Doppler which will indicate
vascular structures such as perforating thyroidal arteries
that are not to be violated,
as well as the carotid artery,
and the vertebral artery more laterally.
The structure of interest is the longus colli muscle.
At this point, local anesthetic
one percent lidocaine buffer is injected,
and a 25 gauge three and a half inch needle
is advanced through this track to contact the oss at C7.
The needle is backed off slightly and then the injection
of local anesthetic, preferably epinephrine
containing one percent lidocaine,
six to seven ccs is gently and slowly injected.
At this point, the probe is removed, the skin wiped
and cleaned, and if needed, a band aid placed
over the small puncture site.
This successfully concludes a stellate ganglion block
performed under ultrasound guidance.

Brightcove ID

5508120224001

https://youtube.com/watch?v=RrDOsfoOSuw

Case: Central Venous Access - Part 2

Read more about Case: Central Venous Access - Part 2

/sites/default/files/Cases_SB_GB3_Thumb_1.jpg

This video (part 2 of 2) details how to use bedside ultrasound imaging to map the anatomy and orientation of the internal jugular vein, as well as determine puncture point, needle depth, and needle trajectory during central venous cannulation.

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Clinical Specialties