Learn Dr. Carrie Schlachter's best practices for improving ultrasound image quality and which adjustments and products help to provide the clearest images throughout the veterinary exam.
Carrie Schlachter, VMD, DACVSMR oversees all rehabilitation and fitness programs at Circle Oak Equine. Dr. Schlachter is responsible for the design of their rehabilitation and fitness programs and ensures that all programs have objective, measurable goals and means of monitoring progress. Educated at the University of Pennsylvania’s Veterinary School and New Bolton Center, she received the Charles F. Reid Clinical Excellence Award for Sports Medicine and Imaging as well as numerous scholarships. She participates in multiple advanced imaging and rehabilitation educational workshops every year and received her board certification in equine sports medicine and rehabilitation through the ACVSMR in early 2016. Dr. Schlachter teaches courses for veterinarians and equine professionals on various sports medicine subjects such as lameness, rehabilitation and ultrasound techniques both at Circle Oak and worldwide.
Subtitles
<p begin="00:00:06.610" end="00:00:09.020" tts:origin="0% 0%">- Hello, my name is Dr. Carrie Schlachter,</p>
<p begin="00:00:09.020" end="00:00:10.710" tts:origin="0% 0%">this is Dr. Melanie Tissier,</p>
<p begin="00:00:10.710" end="00:00:12.400" tts:origin="0% 0%">and this is Linus.</p>
<p begin="00:00:12.400" end="00:00:15.040" tts:origin="0% 0%">And we are all here today,<br />in Petaluma, California,</p>
<p begin="00:00:15.040" end="00:00:17.940">at Circle Oak Equine, to talk to you about</p>
<p begin="00:00:17.940" end="00:00:21.483">how to get an excellent<br />image on ultrasound.</p>
<p begin="00:00:23.050" end="00:00:26.540">For this next section of video,<br />we're gonna be talking about</p>
<p begin="00:00:26.540" end="00:00:30.770">how to prepare a horse's<br />body for ultrasound</p>
<p begin="00:00:30.770" end="00:00:34.270">in situations where<br />you possibly can't clip</p>
<p begin="00:00:34.270" end="00:00:36.830">or we could only possibly<br />clip with a 10 blade.</p>
<p begin="00:00:36.830" end="00:00:39.720">And then, we'll go ahead and<br />show you how to prepare a leg</p>
<p begin="00:00:39.720" end="00:00:41.380">that's equipped with a 40 blade</p>
<p begin="00:00:42.280" end="00:00:45.080">in order to get the best<br />possible ultrasound image.</p>
<p begin="00:00:45.080" end="00:00:47.160">And the tools that<br />we're gonna be using are</p>
<p begin="00:00:47.160" end="00:00:49.400">a good quality ultrasound machine.</p>
<p begin="00:00:49.400" end="00:00:52.840">We're gonna be using a<br />standoff for some situations.</p>
<p begin="00:00:52.840" end="00:00:55.183">We're going to be using ultrasound gel.</p>
<p begin="00:00:56.110" end="00:00:58.070">Also, we're gonna be using rubbing alcohol</p>
<p begin="00:00:58.070" end="00:00:59.210">in either a spray bottle,</p>
<p begin="00:00:59.210" end="00:01:01.930">or you can use it in<br />a pour bottle as well.</p>
<p begin="00:01:01.930" end="00:01:05.010">And then, most importantly,<br />we're gonna be using a bucket,</p>
<p begin="00:01:05.010" end="00:01:08.050">full of warm water with a little bit</p>
<p begin="00:01:08.050" end="00:01:11.870">of chlorhexidine soap and<br />solution in it, and a rag.</p>
<p begin="00:01:11.870" end="00:01:16.120">I found that the rag does a<br />much better job than roll cotton</p>
<p begin="00:01:16.120" end="00:01:19.590">because the roll cotton tends<br />to leave a little bit of</p>
<p begin="00:01:19.590" end="00:01:22.090">debris behind when you're<br />scrubbing it on a leg.</p>
<p begin="00:01:22.090" end="00:01:25.040">So you can imagine that,<br />with all this hair,</p>
<p begin="00:01:25.040" end="00:01:28.120">that we also have a lot of debris</p>
<p begin="00:01:28.120" end="00:01:29.920">that gets caught up underneath it.</p>
<p begin="00:01:29.920" end="00:01:33.450">So we're gonna give it a<br />really good quality scrub</p>
<p begin="00:01:33.450" end="00:01:34.960">in the area of the ultrasound,</p>
<p begin="00:01:34.960" end="00:01:36.800">in fact, expanding beyond the area</p>
<p begin="00:01:36.800" end="00:01:38.630">of the ultrasound that we're going to do.</p>
<p begin="00:01:38.630" end="00:01:41.100">It's really important<br />you don't use too much</p>
<p begin="00:01:41.100" end="00:01:45.460">sudsy soap in scrubbing,<br />especially with hair on,</p>
<p begin="00:01:45.460" end="00:01:47.140">because the sudsy soap will get,</p>
<p begin="00:01:47.140" end="00:01:49.860">the air bubbles will get<br />caught underneath the hair,</p>
<p begin="00:01:49.860" end="00:01:51.580">and that'll prevent your image</p>
<p begin="00:01:51.580" end="00:01:53.563">from being a good quality image.</p>
<p begin="00:01:54.760" end="00:01:56.260">So a lot of times, while I'm scrubbing,</p>
<p begin="00:01:56.260" end="00:01:58.610">at the end of the scrub,<br />I'll wipe downward,</p>
<p begin="00:01:58.610" end="00:02:01.070">wipe with the hair as I go.</p>
<p begin="00:02:01.070" end="00:02:02.850">The next step in the process is</p>
<p begin="00:02:02.850" end="00:02:04.980">to go ahead and take ultrasound gel</p>
<p begin="00:02:04.980" end="00:02:07.670">and put it on the area of interest.</p>
<p begin="00:02:07.670" end="00:02:09.500">Put the ultrasound gel on going</p>
<p begin="00:02:09.500" end="00:02:11.780">against the grain of the hair,</p>
<p begin="00:02:11.780" end="00:02:14.870">and that will work the<br />ultrasound gel up into</p>
<p begin="00:02:14.870" end="00:02:16.970">and in between the hair.</p>
<p begin="00:02:16.970" end="00:02:20.310">And that will oftentimes help</p>
<p begin="00:02:20.310" end="00:02:22.870">again by filling in all<br />of the little air bubbles</p>
<p begin="00:02:22.870" end="00:02:25.030">and air gaps that are in that area.</p>
<p begin="00:02:25.030" end="00:02:26.550">And then, the last thing I'll use is,</p>
<p begin="00:02:26.550" end="00:02:28.650">once I'm ultrasounding actively,</p>
<p begin="00:02:28.650" end="00:02:31.160">I'll use alcohol on the leg to try and,</p>
<p begin="00:02:31.160" end="00:02:34.800">to fill in any of the<br />little gaps that are left.</p>
<p begin="00:02:34.800" end="00:02:36.720">So then we'll go ahead and start our scan</p>
<p begin="00:02:36.720" end="00:02:38.020">with just the gel on.</p>
<p begin="00:02:38.020" end="00:02:41.120">Oftentimes, I'm scanning<br />without a standoff</p>
<p begin="00:02:41.120" end="00:02:43.050">when I'm scanning an unclipped leg.</p>
<p begin="00:02:43.050" end="00:02:45.853">I find you get a much better<br />image in that situation.</p>
<p begin="00:02:46.880" end="00:02:51.610">I will also label the unclipped situation</p>
<p begin="00:02:51.610" end="00:02:55.970">so that we know that I<br />was scanning the images</p>
<p begin="00:02:56.943" end="00:02:59.120">unclipped for their record.</p>
<p begin="00:02:59.120" end="00:03:02.070">I'll just go ahead and spray<br />some alcohol onto the area</p>
<p begin="00:03:03.040" end="00:03:05.090">and see if that improves my image at all.</p>
<p begin="00:03:07.260" end="00:03:09.160">I find if I have good preparation,</p>
<p begin="00:03:09.160" end="00:03:11.750">I don't use a standoff in the lower legs,</p>
<p begin="00:03:11.750" end="00:03:13.780">and I have a good quality machine,</p>
<p begin="00:03:13.780" end="00:03:17.720">I can often get by with very<br />little difference in my gain</p>
<p begin="00:03:17.720" end="00:03:20.940">than I would need in a clipped situation.</p>
<p begin="00:03:20.940" end="00:03:23.000">Then I would go ahead and scan the leg.</p>
<p begin="00:03:23.000" end="00:03:25.590">And now we're gonna talk about</p>
<p begin="00:03:25.590" end="00:03:28.960">how to best prepare a leg<br />to get a good quality image</p>
<p begin="00:03:28.960" end="00:03:30.942">that's been clipped with a 10 blade.</p>
<p begin="00:03:30.942" end="00:03:32.090">(clipper buzzing)</p>
<p begin="00:03:32.090" end="00:03:32.923">So,</p>
<p begin="00:03:33.800" end="00:03:35.230">when I'm clipping,</p>
<p begin="00:03:35.230" end="00:03:38.680">I like to clip as wide an area as possible</p>
<p begin="00:03:38.680" end="00:03:41.750">so that I know that I can<br />clean that area even better</p>
<p begin="00:03:41.750" end="00:03:43.840">and so that, if my probe slides</p>
<p begin="00:03:43.840" end="00:03:46.580">out of the area of interest<br />that I'm ultrasounding,</p>
<p begin="00:03:46.580" end="00:03:48.970">it doesn't slide into a dirty area.</p>
<p begin="00:03:48.970" end="00:03:51.170">And so that leaves just a short</p>
<p begin="00:03:51.170" end="00:03:53.550">amount of hair on their legs.</p>
<p begin="00:03:53.550" end="00:03:56.820">And while that certainly<br />can decrease image quality</p>
<p begin="00:03:56.820" end="00:03:59.660">in a lot of situations,<br />if you're able to image</p>
<p begin="00:03:59.660" end="00:04:02.020">what you're looking at without a standoff,</p>
<p begin="00:04:02.020" end="00:04:05.770">I actually feel like it<br />can increase image quality</p>
<p begin="00:04:05.770" end="00:04:07.470">in a lot of situations</p>
<p begin="00:04:07.470" end="00:04:10.870">because the 10 blade<br />leaves just enough hair</p>
<p begin="00:04:10.870" end="00:04:14.500">to create enough room<br />for the gel to sit in it</p>
<p begin="00:04:14.500" end="00:04:17.400">and act as a little bit<br />of its own standoff.</p>
<p begin="00:04:17.400" end="00:04:20.490">So after I've clipped</p>
<p begin="00:04:20.490" end="00:04:22.320">an area with a 10 blade,</p>
<p begin="00:04:22.320" end="00:04:25.130">then I go ahead and scrub it really well</p>
<p begin="00:04:25.130" end="00:04:27.450">to get rid of all of<br />the dirt and the debris</p>
<p begin="00:04:27.450" end="00:04:29.340">and hair from the clipping.</p>
<p begin="00:04:29.340" end="00:04:32.930">And again, I'll scrub<br />outside of my clipped area</p>
<p begin="00:04:32.930" end="00:04:35.810">to make sure that I'm not<br />going to drag any of the dirt</p>
<p begin="00:04:35.810" end="00:04:38.530">and the debris into the clipped area,</p>
<p begin="00:04:38.530" end="00:04:41.030">which will decrease image quality again.</p>
<p begin="00:04:41.030" end="00:04:43.300">And then, I'm going to use the same method</p>
<p begin="00:04:43.300" end="00:04:45.420">that I used when I had hair on the leg.</p>
<p begin="00:04:45.420" end="00:04:46.900">I'm gonna put</p>
<p begin="00:04:46.900" end="00:04:50.550">gel on against the grain of the hair,</p>
<p begin="00:04:50.550" end="00:04:54.180">and that's gonna help<br />fill in all of the gaps</p>
<p begin="00:04:54.180" end="00:04:57.550">in between the hair and the skin.</p>
<p begin="00:04:57.550" end="00:05:00.270">So I'll put the gel on<br />going against the grain</p>
<p begin="00:05:00.270" end="00:05:02.810">and then going with the grain</p>
<p begin="00:05:02.810" end="00:05:04.760">and then going against the grain</p>
<p begin="00:05:04.760" end="00:05:07.090">until it fills in the whole area</p>
<p begin="00:05:08.720" end="00:05:10.680">and becomes a nice film of gel</p>
<p begin="00:05:10.680" end="00:05:12.090">over the surface of the skin.</p>
<p begin="00:05:12.090" end="00:05:15.510">And then, some of these guys,<br />I do scan with a standoff,</p>
<p begin="00:05:15.510" end="00:05:17.010">some I scan without.</p>
<p begin="00:05:17.010" end="00:05:19.990">It just depends on the<br />actual image quality.</p>
<p begin="00:05:19.990" end="00:05:22.950">So I'll go ahead, at this point,<br />and put my probe on the leg</p>
<p begin="00:05:22.950" end="00:05:26.180">and see what the level of<br />image quality I'll get it is.</p>
<p begin="00:05:26.180" end="00:05:28.530">I'll adjust my depth and my gain.</p>
<p begin="00:05:28.530" end="00:05:30.220">I do like to label</p>
<p begin="00:05:30.220" end="00:05:32.790">that it's only been<br />clipped with a 10 blade,</p>
<p begin="00:05:32.790" end="00:05:35.462">just like I would label<br />it if it was unclipped.</p>
<p begin="00:05:35.462" end="00:05:37.340">And then, again, I will check it</p>
<p begin="00:05:37.340" end="00:05:40.730">at that situation with alcohol as well.</p>
<p begin="00:05:40.730" end="00:05:42.380">And so again, in this situation,</p>
<p begin="00:05:42.380" end="00:05:44.980">I may go ahead and just<br />put the standoff on</p>
<p begin="00:05:44.980" end="00:05:49.203">and see if that improves<br />my image quality at all.</p>
<p begin="00:05:52.670" end="00:05:55.650">He's giving us a very<br />acceptable image actually.</p>
<p begin="00:05:55.650" end="00:05:58.350">And so even with just a 10 blade,</p>
<p begin="00:05:58.350" end="00:06:00.660">we're getting a very diagnostic image.</p>
<p begin="00:06:00.660" end="00:06:02.220">And then, in the next section,</p>
<p begin="00:06:02.220" end="00:06:05.880">we'll talk about how to go about preparing</p>
<p begin="00:06:05.880" end="00:06:09.803">an area for really good image<br />quality using a 40 blade.</p>
<p begin="00:06:10.910" end="00:06:12.230">In the ideal situation,</p>
<p begin="00:06:12.230" end="00:06:14.540">you're going to be able<br />to clip with a 40 blade</p>
<p begin="00:06:14.540" end="00:06:18.570">and take off as much hair as is possible</p>
<p begin="00:06:18.570" end="00:06:20.092">in the area of interest.</p>
<p begin="00:06:20.092" end="00:06:23.430">(clipper buzzing)</p>
<p begin="00:06:23.430" end="00:06:25.520">That's what we're gonna<br />go ahead and do next is</p>
<p begin="00:06:25.520" end="00:06:27.800">take off as much hair as is possible.</p>
<p begin="00:06:27.800" end="00:06:30.110">And then, we're gonna talk<br />about some tips as to how</p>
<p begin="00:06:30.110" end="00:06:33.083">to get the best image quality<br />in the ideal situation.</p>
<p begin="00:06:35.590" end="00:06:37.660">So once we've gone ahead and clipped,</p>
<p begin="00:06:37.660" end="00:06:42.370">then the next goal is to get<br />the area as clean as we can,</p>
<p begin="00:06:42.370" end="00:06:46.300">to get as much debris and dirt<br />off the area as is possible.</p>
<p begin="00:06:46.300" end="00:06:49.950">So again, I'm going to<br />scrub using warm water,</p>
<p begin="00:06:49.950" end="00:06:54.950">a little bit of dilute<br />chlorhexidine soap and solution,</p>
<p begin="00:06:55.150" end="00:06:57.380">and a rag to go ahead and clean the area</p>
<p begin="00:06:57.380" end="00:06:58.980">as best as possible.</p>
<p begin="00:06:58.980" end="00:07:03.520">Again, I like to scrub not<br />only the area that I've clipped</p>
<p begin="00:07:03.520" end="00:07:07.330">but the area surrounding it<br />so that the dirt doesn't bleed</p>
<p begin="00:07:07.330" end="00:07:11.400">into my ultrasound location<br />and decrease the image quality.</p>
<p begin="00:07:11.400" end="00:07:14.580">We go ahead and start with some gel</p>
<p begin="00:07:14.580" end="00:07:17.670">on the leg and on the<br />probe without a standoff.</p>
<p begin="00:07:17.670" end="00:07:21.860">I put a thin coating of gel<br />on the leg in the clipped area</p>
<p begin="00:07:21.860" end="00:07:24.330">and right to the outside<br />edge of the clipped area,</p>
<p begin="00:07:24.330" end="00:07:26.090">and then I use a little bit of gel</p>
<p begin="00:07:27.330" end="00:07:29.070">on the end of the probe as well.</p>
<p begin="00:07:29.070" end="00:07:32.270">And then, I go ahead and<br />assess image quality,</p>
<p begin="00:07:32.270" end="00:07:36.370">turn the gain up and<br />down, get my depth set.</p>
<p begin="00:07:36.370" end="00:07:38.550">Then I might continue on and scan,</p>
<p begin="00:07:38.550" end="00:07:40.670">or at that point I'll go ahead and assess</p>
<p begin="00:07:40.670" end="00:07:42.790">what the image looks like with a standoff.</p>
<p begin="00:07:42.790" end="00:07:45.400">The object of interest should be</p>
<p begin="00:07:45.400" end="00:07:49.080">as close to the center of<br />the screen as you can get it.</p>
<p begin="00:07:49.080" end="00:07:54.050">And so a standoff helps<br />you move the superficial</p>
<p begin="00:07:54.050" end="00:07:57.290">structures closer to the<br />center of the screen,</p>
<p begin="00:07:57.290" end="00:07:59.280">and you're gonna get your best imaging</p>
<p begin="00:07:59.280" end="00:08:00.990">at the center of your screen.</p>
<p begin="00:08:00.990" end="00:08:03.020">The other reason to use a standoff is</p>
<p begin="00:08:03.020" end="00:08:06.670">because horses' lower limbs<br />don't have a lot of soft tissue.</p>
<p begin="00:08:06.670" end="00:08:08.970">They're very tendinous and bony.</p>
<p begin="00:08:08.970" end="00:08:11.570">And so that means that you're<br />putting a hard structure</p>
<p begin="00:08:11.570" end="00:08:13.090">against a hard structure,</p>
<p begin="00:08:13.090" end="00:08:16.560">and that means that your image<br />that you get is very narrow.</p>
<p begin="00:08:16.560" end="00:08:17.870">You can use a standoff</p>
<p begin="00:08:17.870" end="00:08:20.450">to widen that image<br />field just a little bit</p>
<p begin="00:08:20.450" end="00:08:23.330">by using pressure and<br />having it wrap around</p>
<p begin="00:08:23.330" end="00:08:25.220">the edges of the structure.</p>
<p begin="00:08:25.220" end="00:08:28.670">And so you can get much<br />better image quality,</p>
<p begin="00:08:28.670" end="00:08:30.420">a much wider</p>
<p begin="00:08:30.420" end="00:08:31.900">view of image.</p>
<p begin="00:08:31.900" end="00:08:33.130">When I'm using a standoff,</p>
<p begin="00:08:33.130" end="00:08:36.780">I rarely use alcohol in<br />combination with the standoff.</p>
<p begin="00:08:36.780" end="00:08:39.460">I find that the rubbing alcohol over time</p>
<p begin="00:08:39.460" end="00:08:41.420">dries out the standoffs,</p>
<p begin="00:08:41.420" end="00:08:44.270">as well I find that it<br />doesn't add anything</p>
<p begin="00:08:44.270" end="00:08:47.630">to the image quality when I'm<br />using alcohol and a standoff.</p>
<p begin="00:08:47.630" end="00:08:50.130">If I'm starting to lose image quality,</p>
<p begin="00:08:50.130" end="00:08:53.300">I'll either add more gel<br />or I'll rewash the leg</p>
<p begin="00:08:53.300" end="00:08:55.080">and get rid of the gel that's on it</p>
<p begin="00:08:55.080" end="00:08:57.590">and then start anew with fresh gel.</p>
<p begin="00:08:57.590" end="00:08:59.330">And then, in that type of situation,</p>
<p begin="00:08:59.330" end="00:09:02.210">I get the best image possible.</p>
<p begin="00:09:02.210" end="00:09:03.410">Thank you for watching the video.</p>
<p begin="00:09:03.410" end="00:09:05.940">This is Dr. Carrie Schlachter,<br />Dr. Melanie Tissier,</p>
<p begin="00:09:05.940" end="00:09:08.840" tts:origin="0% 0%">and Linus, telling you<br />that for more information,</p>
<p begin="00:09:08.840" end="00:09:12.163" tts:origin="0% 0%">please go to sonosite.com/veterinary.</p>